Științe Umaniste

PERSONAL ARCHIVE FUND OF UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR, DOCTOR HABILITATE DUMITRU G. BATÂR (1927–2014)

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The study represents an information material for the scientific community regarding the historical and scientific
heritage of the Republic of Moldova and is part of the suite of materials aimed at presenting the archival fund of the
Central Scientific Archive of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, part of the Scientific Library (Institute) ‟Andrei
Lupan” of the State University of Moldova. The article presents the Personal Fund of the University Professor, Doctor of Science Dumitru G. Batâr (1927–2014). Following the systematization and description, the fund consists of
an inventory containing 215 s.u. (1906–2005). The documents make up a single inventory divided into six sections:
Scientific works; Materials for scientific works; Biographical materials; Public activities; Collections; Documents
and works of other persons.
Keywords: D. G. Batâr, chemist, history of science, archival science, scientific biography, Moldova Academy of
Sciences, Moldavian SSR.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_01

CORRESPONDING MEMBER ANATOL CIOBANU: FILES FROM THE PERSONAL FLODER

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Anatol Ciobanu (1934–2016), renowned linguist from the Republic of Moldova, university professor, was elected
as a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova in 1992. The scientific directions of the researcher Anatol Ciobanu concerned: grammar, especially the syntax of the Romanian language; contrastive linguisticstypology and mother tongue cultivation. He was the scientific supervisor of three doctoral theses and 38 doctorates
in philology. Author of more than 700 titles of scientific, scientific-methodical and science popularization works,
including 30 books. He was awarded the highest state decoration from the Republic of Moldova. The study of Anatol
Ciobanu’s personal file from the Central Scientific Archive of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova develops new
aspects of the scholar’s scientific biography.
Keywords: Anatol Ciobanu, corresponding member, linguistics, scientific biography, history of science, Academy
of Sciences of Moldova.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_02

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND DEONTOLOGY IN MUSEOGRAPHY: INTERACTION WITH THE PUBLIC AND INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article analyses the role of museum ethics in the relationship between museums and the public. It examines
the principles of the ICOM Code of Ethics, visitor engagement strategies, and accessibility measures. Museums
today are not only spaces for cultural heritage preservation but also educational and social centers with an ethical responsibility to ensure equitable access for all visitors. In the Republic of Moldova, the application of the ICOM Code
is limited by the lack of a clear legal framework and necessary resources. This study proposes solutions for museum
accessibility, including tactile tours, audio descriptions, Braille panels, sign language interpretation, and assistive
technologies. The importance of an empathetic attitude among museum staff and clear institutional policies is emphasized. Adhering to ethical principles is essential for an inclusive museum environment, requiring alignment with
international standards through staff training, infrastructure improvement, and collaboration with the community and
associations of persons with disabilities.
Keywords: Museum ethics, professional deontology, accessibility, social inclusion, ICOM Code of Ethics, cultural
heritage, public interaction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_03

THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MILITIA INSTITUTION IN BESSARABIA, RELATIONS WITH LOCAL, GUBERNIAL, AND CENTRAL AUTHORITIES IN 1917

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article analyzes the establishment of the militia in Bessarabia in 1917, highlighting the legal aspects and the
relationship of this structure with the authorities in Petrograd through the Government Inspector. The militia reform
represented a crucial transition from the old imperial police to a decentralized public order structure, albeit under
gubernatorial and ministerial supervision. The adoption of the Provisional Regulation on the Militia established the
legal framework of the new institution; however, its implementation was marked by significant challenges, such as a
lack of qualified personnel, insufficient funds and equipment, as well as administrative uncertainties.
The Government Inspector of the Militia played a fundamental role in coordinating and overseeing this structure,
intervening in the allocation of resources, establishing clear subordination, and maintaining discipline. Throughout
1917, this position was central to managing operational difficulties and strengthening the militia as a public order force.
Keywords: government inspector, public order, security, 1917, Militia, Bessarabia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_04

INNOCENTISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LINGUISTIC POLICY OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH IN BESSARABIA (1909-1914)

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The policy of transforming the church institution in Bessarabia into an instrument meant to support Russian imperialism in the region, as well as the Russification trend increasingly assiduously imposed on this institution, ultimately led the indigenous population of the Prut-Dniester area to convert to other confessions or to form denominations
of all kinds. A manifestation that arose in Bessarabia in response to the tendencies to exclude the Romanian language
from divine service was „Innocentism” or the „Balta Movement” – a religious movement that spread among the
Romanians in Bessarabia. In this article we aim to analyze the impact of the Innocentist movement on the linguistic
policy within the Orthodox Church in Bessarabia during the period 1909-1914.
Keywords: Bessarabia, innocence, Diocese of Chisinău and Hotin, church, linguistic assimilation, denomination.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_05

NEWS ABOUT BESSARABIA IN THE ROMANIAN PRESS OF ARAD IN 1918

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The year 1918 brought radical changes to the map of Europe. It is the year when old empires disappeared, giving
way to national states. In this context, the Union of Bessarabia with Romania took place on March 27/April 9, 1918, a
significant event for Romanian society. Due to the harsh conditions imposed by the war and the closure or censorship
of numerous Romanian publications in Transylvania and Banat, not many news reports about the Union emerged in
these regions. However, upon analyzing the press of Arad, we find intriguing information about various events or
personalities active in Bessarabia after the Union. The analysis of these articles and the way they were written reveals
the realities and the rapid, profound changes Romanian society experienced throughout 1918.
Keywords: press, Arad, Union, Bessarabia, culture.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_06

ROMANIAN-BRITISH POLITICAL-DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS FROM THE MUNICH CONFERENCE UNTIL THE OUTBREAK OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study represents the result of research on new, original sources from the British National Archives, regarding
Romanian-British relations during the period preceding the outbreak of World War II. The aspects of these relations,
to which this study refers, include: the circumstances of King Carol II’s visit to England in November 1938, the impact of the economic factor on Anglo-Romanian relations, the British attitude towards Hungarian revisionism, the
British position towards Romania’s attitude regarding the policy of neutrality, the way Romanian-British relations
were affected by the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact and the USSR’s entry into World War II.
Keywords: diplomacy, România, England, World War 2.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_07

IMPROVING CONSTRUCTIVE BASS GUITAR FEATURES (1960’s OF THE 20TH CENTURY)

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The present article highlights the issues of forming the bass guitar design peculiarities in the 1960’s. Fender
Precision Bass, Fender Bass V and Fender Bass VI prototypes created by the American engineer and entrepreneur
Leo Fender, are being examined. In addition, the innovative models: Rickenbacker 4001, Gibson Thunderbird II,
Harptone B4 Acoustic Bass Guitar, as well as Ampeg bass instruments are being considered. Based on the search for
exclusive design solutions, the design features of these prototypes represent a particular interest. The article shows an
analysis of fastening differences within the neck and the instrument body, the scale length (neck length), the number
of fret partitions and the types of acoustic pick-ups.
Keywords: chitară bas, Fender Precision Bass, Fender Bass V, Fender Bass VI, Rickenbacker 4001, Gibson
Thunderbird II, Harptone B4 Acoustic Bass Guitar, Ampeg.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_08

THE SEMANTIC-PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO MAIA SANDU’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS IN THE CONTEXT OF HER SWEARING-IN AS PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Maia Sandu’s inaugural address represents a remarkable example of strategic political communication with significant semantic-pragmatic implications. This speech highlights the ways in which the leader shapes her legitimacy,
articulates fundamental values, and presents a vision for the future. From a semantic perspective, the speech is marked
by the use of accessible yet powerful vocabulary, built around the concepts of unity, transparency, and responsibility.
On a pragmatic level, strategies for strengthening the relationship with citizens are evident through speech acts
that inspire trust and commitment. The speech combines ceremonial and deliberative functions, balancing references
to democratic traditions with promises of reform. The structure of the speech, its solemn tone, and calls for national
unity reflect an attempt to reconcile political divisions and build consensus.
This study emphasises that a semantic-pragmatic analysis of the inaugural address not only reveals effective rhetorical techniques, but also provides insights into how political leaders shape public perception and define their term
of office.
Keywords: speech acts, inaugural address, language functions, communicative intention, rhetorical persuasion,
pragmatics, discursive strategies, communicative situation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_09

THE FORM – MEANING DIALOG IN LITERARY TRANSLATION (CONSIDERATIONS ON THE TRANSLATION OF THE NOVELS SOUMISSION AND ANÉANTIR BY MICHEL HOUELLEBECQ)

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The act of translation involves a continuous back-and-forth between the translated text and the original. Translation is often seen as risky, since any alteration, however slight, can be interpreted as a betrayal of the original’s
meaning or intent, given that language also reflects a world view, a culture/s. If we understand translation as a journey
across cultures, then culture itself becomes a border – both figuratively and sometimes literally – that can hinder the
seamless transmission of the text. This paper intends to provide some insights into the complexities and challenges
inherent in literary translation.
Keywords: translation, literary text, culture, world views, interlingual transfer, translation strategies, source text,
target text.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_10

THE PRAGMATICS OF THE REVERSE NAMING ACT

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The naming process always starts from the object, because without its existence, there would be no need for naming. In linguistics, the migration of a signifier to another signified can be explained by concepts such as metonymy,
antonymy or eponymy. Although these processes share a common point of origin – a proper name – they differ in the
direction and nature of the semantic transfer. Eponyms are common in various scientific and technical terminologies,
and the process of eponymization is explained by relationships such as proprialization and deonymization. Lexical
motivation explains the emergence of new words based on proper names, reflecting the connections between lexical
units in a linguistic system.
Keywords: proper name, eponym, deonym, denomination, signified, signifier.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_11

PSYCHOLOGIZATION OF NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: THE RHETORIC OF IDENTITY AS A SYMPTOM OF FAMILIAL POWER

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Представители современных общественных движений – феминизма, ЛГБТ-движения, экоактивизма – в
своей риторике все чаще используют термин «идентичность». В статье исследуются причины и последствия использования современными общественными движениями психологического понятия при формулировке своих требований. Методологическую основу исследования составляют теория психологизации
Яна де Воса и концепция психиатрической власти Мишеля Фуко. Взгляд через эту исследовательскую
призму позволяет сформулировать следующие выводы: во-первых, новые общественные движения подвержены психологизации и руководствуются логикой психологического мышления, то есть свойственными
психологии как культурному явлению представлениями об истине и реальности; во-вторых, несмотря на
оппозицию власти и культуре, они используют схожие механизмы управления; в-третьих, следование психологическому мышлению приводит к идеологическим парадоксам внутри современных общественных
движений.
Ключевые слова: идентичность, новые общественные движения, феминизм, ЛГБТ, экологическое движение, психологизация, психиатрическая власть.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_12

LUCIAN BLAGA AND MIRCEA ELIADE: INTERPRETATIONS OF THE SACRED, SYMBOL AND INITIATION

USM ADMIN — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Lucian Blaga și Mircea Eliade, două dintre cele mai influente figuri ale culturii românești, au oferit interpretări
distincte, dar complementare asupra universalității sacrului, simbolului și inițierii. Ambii filosofi explorează sacrul,
misterul existenței și raportul omului cu transcendența, însă din perspective diferite: L.Blaga adoptă o viziune metafizică a sacrului, în timp ce M.Eliade analizează fenomenul religios dintr-o perspectivă antropologică și istorică, dezvoltând o hermeneutică a mitului și a simbolului, analizând structurile fundamentale ale experienței religioase. Acest
articol examinează convergențele și diferențele dintre cei doi filosofi, punând în evidență contribuția lor la înțelegerea
sacrului și a inițierii ca experiențe esențiale în constituirea ființei umane și condiției sale în lume.
Cuvinte-cheie: sacru, profan, om religios, mit, simbol, hierofanie, Marele Anonim, cenzură transcendentală.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum4(194)2025_13