BANKING REGULATION – SUPPORT FOR BANKING SUPERVISION

Mihail GÎRLEA Universitatea de Stat din Moldova

Abstract

During the period between the Great Depression and the recent financial crisis, there were many changes in the banking activity and the regulations and supervision had an important role in the trend of the banking. Deregulation has led to the development of financial imbalances and banking regulations have been adopted most often in response to inappropriate developments in banking. The wrenching financial crisis from 1933, when in the United States of America more than 9,000 banks went to bankruptcy, led to the adoption of the famous Glass Steagall Act which provided the separation of investment banking from the commercial one in order to limit the risks to which banks are exposed. Separation has enabled the operation of the banks in terms of stability until the 1970s, after which it began major changes in banks' activities, changes that were not correlated with corresponding adjustments of the banking supervision. Deregulation has continued, being considered that funds had to be allocated to those who were able to use them with a maximum efficiency, no matter of the geographic region. Keywords: banking regulation, macroprudential banking supervision, systemic risk, financial stability, macroprudential tools.