EMPLOYMENT IN RURAL AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AND DESTABILIZING FACTORS

Elena NIREAN, Tatiana BUJOR Universitatea Agrară de Stat din Moldova

Аннотация

The rural environment of the Republic of Moldova faces serious demographic problems, besides the fact that during the last years the number of rural population in the Republic of Moldova has decreased, the age structure shows obvious signs of concern for the socio-economic development perspectives of the localities the country's rural environment. The worsening of demographic situation in rural areas strongly affects both the demographic dependency ratio and the occupational basic indicators. Thus, on the one hand, the considerable decrease of birth rate and, on the other hand, the intensification of the phenomenon of labor migration in rural areas led to the aging of the population. The low dynamics of the labor market leads to a high level of unemployment, the high proportion of employment in the informal sector, especially of young people, and the slow pace of modernization and technology of the national economy, low salaries cause a significant gap between the level of training labor and working conditions, favoring its departure in search of a job abroad. An important problem is the reduction of unemployment in rural areas especially at the level of young people and the professionalization / re-professionalization of young people in agriculture, mainly in the informal sector. This population quota has to be significantly reduced and the increase in labor productivity and technologization of agricultural sector is a primary objective of the national economy. Only in this way, the competitive agriculture can be developed from the perspective of integration into the European Union. Territorial mobility and maximum use of opportunities in the internal labor market are expected to help reduce labor migration abroad. The employment opportunities of the working population in rural areas are extremely limited. Employment opportunities in rural areas are quite low. Practically, most of the working-class population in most cases can focus only on agriculture, in particular, on the individual processing of the land. Keywords: migration, rural environment, informal employment, working-age population, employment population, unemployment.