POLUAREA ATMOSFEREI ȘI PARTICIPAREA POLUANȚILOR ÎN PROCESELE ECOCHIMICE DIN AER

Viorica GLADCHI Universitatea de Stat din Moldova

Abstract

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AND THE PARTICIPATION OF POLLUTANTS IN AIR CHEMICAL PROCESSES 

From a chemical point of view, the atmospheric air, is an open top redox reactor, in which various gases, liquids and solid substances of natural and anthropogenic origin, which are considered to be a partial pollutant constantly penetrate. The main sources of natural air pollution are eruptions on volcanoes, vital biochemical processes, putrefaction of dead organisms and others. Among the anthropogenic pollution sources are highlighted the energy, chemical, processing industry, mining; transport, deforestation, exponential chalk of the population, extensive agriculture, etc. 

Once the primary pollutants reach the air, they can be chemically transformed with the participation of the redox com-ponents of the troposphere - oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, free radicals, as active species of others. Mostly, redox transfor-mations in the troposphere are initiated by solar radiation in the near ultraviolet range and are photochemically accessible. As a result, secondary pollutants can be obtained and they have an encreased negative impact on ecosystems and population, compared to primary pollutants. Among the harmful consequences of the processes can be named the intensification of the greenhouse effect, the appearance of "aggressive" tropospheric ozone, a rain acid, a different smog peak, disturbances in foreign ecosystems, considerable diseases of the health of a population of the earth. Therefore, concrete measures to prevent, minimize or eliminate anthropogenic air pollution processes at local, regional and global level are needed to improve and create the necessary conditions. 

Keywords: atmospheric air, pollutant, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, redox transformations.