STATUTUL FLORII-SOARELUI ÎN ECOSISTEMELE AGRICOLE ALE REPUBLICII MOLDOVA

Rodion DOMENCO, Maria DUCA, Ilie BOIAN, Ion BURCOVSCHI Universitatea de Stat din Moldova

Abstract

STATUS OF THE SUNFLOWER IN THE AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Sunflower is one of the most important oil plants grown in the world and the main oilseed plant on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, being a crop with a wide spectrum of use in the food and industrial sectors. In the Republic of Moldova the areas sown with sunflowers increased continuously during the period 2010-2019, starting with 252 thousand ha in 2010 and up to 359 thousand ha in 2019. The overall yield of sunflower seeds in 2019 increased by 112% compared to 2010 and constituted 811,000 tonnes. Compared to 2018, the global sunflower yield increased by 2.8%, and compared to 2017 by only 0.8%. We can assume a trend of stabilizing global production around 800 thou-sand tonnes. Regionally, the average yield is usually higher in the Northern region due to more favourable climatic and relief conditions. But in some years, depending on the distribution of precipitation, a higher average yield per hectare would be achieved in the South. For example, the average yield in the Northern area of the republic was 18.6 q/ha, in the Centre area – 19.2 q/ha, and in the South area – 21.7 q/ha in 2016.

Keywords: sunflower, seeded area, hybrids, global production, average yield per hectare, statistical programmes, heat regime, water regime.