CONCEPTE MODERNE PRIVIND EFECTUL PROTECTOR AL SISTEMELOR ENZIMATICE ANTIOXIDANTE ASUPRA CARACTERISTICILOR MORFOLOGICE ȘI FUNCȚIONALE ALE SPERMATOZOIZILOR

Vladimir ȘEPTIȚCHI, Ana LEORDA Institutul de Fiziologie şi Sanocreatologie

Abstract

MODERN PERSPECTIVES OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPERMATOZOA As a result of a comprehensive analysis of literature, it was revealed that the enzymatic antioxidant systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), have a quantitative and qualitative effect on both physiological and morphological characteristics of spermatozoa. Currently, many aspects of the effect of enzymatic antioxidants on the structural and functional parameters of sperm are insufficiently studied and debatable, however, numerous studies have established that enzymatic antioxidants in varying degrees, both when taken orally in infertile men, and in conditions of freezing, defrosting and cold storage of sperm, contribute to a decrease of LOPs and increase the spermatozoa content in the ejaculate, decrease hypoosmotic swelling, decrease the plasma membrane, the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and the acrosomes of spermatozoa damage, increase their mobility and vitality, as well as kinetic parameters, decrease DNA fragmentation, contributing to an increase in its integrity, a decrease in chromatin cross-linking, to base pair modifications and chromosomal microdeletions. Keywords: enzymes of the antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, infertility, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, freezing/thawing, seminal material.