INFLUENȚA CONDIȚIILOR AGROMETEOROLOGICE DIN ANUL 2020 ASUPRA CREȘTERII, DEZVOLTĂRII ȘI ROADEI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA

Ilie BOIAN, Rodion DOMENCO Universitatea de Stat din Moldova

Аннотация

THE INFLUENCE OF 2020 AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON SUNFLOWER GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND FRUIT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 

In the present study, with the help of modern statistical programmes, the processing and analysis of factual data was performed, which made it possible to establish the variability of the average monthly air temperature and the amount of precipitation in the Republic of Moldova during 2020 vegetation period, with the elaboration of the respective maps for each month, including the description of the severe agrometeorological conditions created during the process of growth, development and formation of the sunflower fruit. In order to determine the intensity of the drought in the summer of 2020, the Selyaninov’s Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) was calculated for July and August (being the driest) throughout the Republic of Moldova, establishing the average value of the said coefficient for July of 0.5, and for August of 0.2, which correspond respectively to the strong and very strong drought. Based on the affected area (about 90% of the country's territory), the drought mentioned above, which was present practically throughout the 2020 vegetation period, was catastrophic. 

As a result of processing the factual data on the size of the sunflower seed crop in 2020 on the territory of the republic, it was possible to develop the map on the variation of the average yield per 1 ha of sunflower in administrative-territorial profile. Carrying out the comparative analysis of the average yield per 1 ha of sunflower in 2020 with the respective fruit in 2019 and with the average of the 10 years (2010-2019), allowed to establish the impact of the strong and very strong drought of 2020 on the fruit averages at 1 ha of sunflower in administrative-territorial profile. Thus, we found that the drought in spring and summer of 2020 compromised about 50% of sunflower fruit, constituting only 11 q/ha compared to 23 q/ha in 2019. At the same time, the average harvest per country per 1 ha of sunflower in 2020 was 6.7 q/ha lower than the average fruit in the early 10 years (2010-2019), which was 17.7 q/ha. Only the average yield at 1 ha of sunflower in 2012 was smaller, being 10 q/ha. 

Keywords: climate variability, sunflower, drought, productive moisture reserves, development phases, compromised fruit.